What is Elbow Replacement Surgery?

In elbow replacement surgery, the damaged parts of the elbow joint are replaced with artificial components made of metal and high-grade plastic. These prosthetics replicate the natural movement of the elbow, improving motion and reducing pain.

The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the humerus (upper arm bone), ulna, and radius (forearm bones). A total elbow replacement resurfaces the damaged ends of these bones and connects them with a hinge mechanism.

Who Needs Elbow Replacement?

• Severe rheumatoid arthritis: Chronic joint inflammation causing destruction.
• Post-traumatic arthritis: Arthritis from previous elbow injuries or fractures.
• Osteoarthritis: Age-related cartilage wear causing pain and stiffness.
• Complex fractures: Severe breaks that cannot be repaired by conventional means.
• Tumors: Bone tumors affecting the elbow joint.
• Failed previous surgeries: When earlier operations have not relieved pain or restored function.

The Procedure

Performed under general or regional anesthesia, elbow replacement surgery involves:

• Making an incision at the back of the elbow.
• Removing the damaged bone and cartilage.
• Inserting metal stems into the humerus and ulna bones.
• Connecting the stems with a hinge to restore joint movement.
• Closing the incision and stabilizing the joint.

The procedure typically lasts 1.5 to 2 hours.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Post-surgery recovery includes:

• Hospital Stay: 1 to 2 days for observation.
• Splinting: Temporary splint to protect the new joint.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to regain strength and flexibility.
• Activity Restrictions: Avoid lifting objects heavier than 5-10 pounds permanently.
• Full Recovery: Typically achieved in 3 to 6 months.

Benefits of Elbow Replacement