Overview

Knee ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) and PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament) reconstruction are surgical procedures designed to restore knee stability after ligament tears, often caused by sports injuries or trauma.

Causes of ACL/PCL Injuries

• Sudden stops, twisting, or pivoting during sports
• High-impact accidents such as falls or collisions
• Landing awkwardly from jumps
• Direct blows to the knee

Symptoms

• A popping sound at the time of injury
• Severe pain and swelling
• Instability or giving way of the knee
• Difficulty bearing weight
• Limited range of motion

Surgical Procedure

The torn ligament is replaced with a tissue graft, which can be taken from the patient (autograft) or a donor (allograft). Surgery is usually performed arthroscopically, ensuring smaller incisions and faster recovery.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

• Initial rest and pain management (first 2 weeks)
• Gradual physiotherapy to regain motion and strength
• Strength training and balance exercises
• Return to sports typically after 6 to 9 months

Benefits of ACL/PCL Reconstruction

• Restores knee stability and strength
• Prevents further knee damage
• Improves quality of life and athletic performance
• Reduces the risk of long-term joint problems

Risks

• Infection or bleeding
• Graft failure or stiffness
• Nerve or blood vessel injury
• Persistent instability in rare cases

Conclusion

ACL and PCL reconstruction surgeries offer excellent outcomes when performed by an experienced surgeon and followed by a structured rehabilitation program, allowing patients to return to an active and confident life.