What are the ACL and PCL?

The knee is stabilized by four major ligaments. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) prevents the shinbone from sliding forward, while the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) prevents it from sliding backward. Injury to these ligaments can cause instability and pain.

Causes of ACL/PCL Injuries

• Sudden stops, jumps, or changes in direction during sports
• High-impact trauma from accidents
• Falls or awkward landings
• Severe twisting injuries to the knee

Symptoms of ACL/PCL Tears

• A popping sound at the time of injury
• Immediate swelling and pain
• Knee instability or feeling of giving way
• Difficulty bearing weight
• Loss of full range of motion

What is ACL/PCL Reconstruction Surgery?

ACL or PCL reconstruction involves replacing the torn ligament with a graft, either from the patient's own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). The procedure is usually performed arthroscopically for quicker recovery and minimal scarring.

The Surgical Procedure

• Administering general or spinal anesthesia
• Arthroscopic inspection of the knee joint
• Removal of damaged ligament tissue
• Preparation and placement of a new graft
• Secure fixation with screws or other devices
• Closure of incisions

The surgery typically takes 1 to 2 hours.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

• Initial Phase (First 2 Weeks): Manage pain and swelling; gentle movement exercises.
• Intermediate Phase (2 to 6 Weeks): Strengthening exercises and improved flexibility.
• Advanced Phase (6 Weeks to 6 Months): Functional training and sport-specific drills.
• Return to Sports: Usually between 6 to 9 months post-surgery.

Benefits of ACL/PCL Reconstruction

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Graft failure or loosening
• Knee stiffness or reduced range of motion
• Nerve or blood vessel injury

Proper surgical technique and a dedicated rehabilitation program significantly reduce the risks.